Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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Simon Twigger, AA9PW

Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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Hi there,

I have a web application that creates morse code on the fly, writing  
out .au sound files. You can give it a try here:

http://aa9pw.com/morsecode/

This works really nicely but the files can be pretty big so I thought  
it would be nice to move to mp3 to save some space and make the files  
more useable with iPods, etc. I use sox to convert the .au to .wav and  
then have been trying to convert the .wav to mp3 using lame.

Technically all is working, however, the quality of the mp3 audio  
varies from not very good to really bad, depending on what parameters  
I pass into Lame. I was hoping to get some advice from experts on the  
list about how to make this work more effectively.

There's a post on my site plus a bunch of comments that describe some  
of what I've done, plus a screenshot of the audio file waveforms (from  
garageband) so you can see what lame is doing to the audio.

Here's the post: http://aa9pw.com/2008/05/21/morse-code-file-format-changed/

Here's the screenshot: http://www.flickr.com/photos/22815638@N03/2514725050/

I've tried the following command line options with lame in a trial and  
error way as I don't claim to truly understand what's going on in the  
conversion process. I tried variable and constant bit rates, tried the  
highest quality settings and then tried the last option based on a  
post I found online (though this seems more appropriate for more  
complex audio than morse code)

-V0
-V5
-h
-f
-q0
-V2 –vbr-new -q0 –lowpass 19.7

I've put a sample .wav file here in case anyone wants to hear what it  
should sound like:

http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301.wav

Here's the best mp3 I could make so far:

http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_q0.mp3

The morse code has very sharp changes in the sound - its either on at  
100% or off at 0% and the switch between on and off is essentially  
instantaneous in the files Im currently creating - there is no gradual  
change in audio level over time.

Can anyone suggest some settings for lame that might do a better job  
on these types of audio? As an added complication, the audio files  
listed above have morse code at around 10 words per minute, a medium  
speed. However, people want to listen to morse at anything from 5wpm  
up to 30+ words per minute. For the slow speeds, the dits and dahs are  
quite long, for the faster speeds the lengths of the dits and dahs get  
very short - I dont know if this would change the settings I use in  
Lame as the speed of the morse code varies.

Thanks in advance for any suggestions!

Best,

Simon.


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John Edwards-5

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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Hi Simon,

Using lamedropXPd from Rarewares (version is somewhat irrelevant),
encoding at the lowest vbr setting (equates to '-V 9' using lame.exe),
the following file is generated which sounds fine to me:
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jfe1205/31301.mp3

regards

John

Simon Twigger, AA9PW wrote:

> Hi there,
>
> I have a web application that creates morse code on the fly, writing  
> out .au sound files. You can give it a try here:
>
> http://aa9pw.com/morsecode/
>
> This works really nicely but the files can be pretty big so I thought  
> it would be nice to move to mp3 to save some space and make the files  
> more useable with iPods, etc. I use sox to convert the .au to .wav and  
> then have been trying to convert the .wav to mp3 using lame.
>
> Technically all is working, however, the quality of the mp3 audio  
> varies from not very good to really bad, depending on what parameters  
> I pass into Lame. I was hoping to get some advice from experts on the  
> list about how to make this work more effectively.
>
> There's a post on my site plus a bunch of comments that describe some  
> of what I've done, plus a screenshot of the audio file waveforms (from  
> garageband) so you can see what lame is doing to the audio.
>
> Here's the post: http://aa9pw.com/2008/05/21/morse-code-file-format-changed/
>
> Here's the screenshot: http://www.flickr.com/photos/22815638@N03/2514725050/
>
> I've tried the following command line options with lame in a trial and  
> error way as I don't claim to truly understand what's going on in the  
> conversion process. I tried variable and constant bit rates, tried the  
> highest quality settings and then tried the last option based on a  
> post I found online (though this seems more appropriate for more  
> complex audio than morse code)
>
> -V0
> -V5
> -h
> -f
> -q0
> -V2 –vbr-new -q0 –lowpass 19.7
>
> I've put a sample .wav file here in case anyone wants to hear what it  
> should sound like:
>
> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301.wav
>
> Here's the best mp3 I could make so far:
>
> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_q0.mp3
>
> The morse code has very sharp changes in the sound - its either on at  
> 100% or off at 0% and the switch between on and off is essentially  
> instantaneous in the files Im currently creating - there is no gradual  
> change in audio level over time.
>
> Can anyone suggest some settings for lame that might do a better job  
> on these types of audio? As an added complication, the audio files  
> listed above have morse code at around 10 words per minute, a medium  
> speed. However, people want to listen to morse at anything from 5wpm  
> up to 30+ words per minute. For the slow speeds, the dits and dahs are  
> quite long, for the faster speeds the lengths of the dits and dahs get  
> very short - I dont know if this would change the settings I use in  
> Lame as the speed of the morse code varies.
>
> Thanks in advance for any suggestions!
>
> Best,
>
> Simon.
>
>
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>
> http://www.eset.com
>
>
>

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Robert Hegemann

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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Hello Simon,

you did not mention it, but it seems you are using LAME 3.98 beta8(?).

The morse code sample you provided has an 8 kHz samplerate.
LAME will choose to encode to MPEG-2.5 Layer3 in this case.

Does your MP3 decoder support MPEG-2.5?

In case your decoder does not support it well, try to resample
at some other samplerate, lame --longhelp will tell you about
available samplerates.

I would suggest to use LAME 3.98b8 at the following setting:

lame --resample 22.05 -V6 31301.wav 31301.mp3

You may try some lower quality setting like -V7 downto -V9 too.


Ciao Robert

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Simon Twigger, AA9PW

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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In reply to this post by John Edwards-5
Hi John,

Thanks for the suggestion and yes, your file sounds pretty good. I  
gave it a go at -V9 as suggested and the quality of my mp3 file is  
nowhere near the same as yours.

Here's what I get:

Using: LAME 32bits version 3.98 (beta 8, May 21 2008) (http://www.mp3dev.org/ 
)

/usr/bin/lame -V 9 31301.wav 31301_V9.mp3

Sound file: http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_V9.mp3



On May 23, 2008, at 3:05 PM, John Edwards wrote:

> Hi Simon,
>
> Using lamedropXPd from Rarewares (version is somewhat irrelevant),  
> encoding at the lowest vbr setting (equates to '-V 9' using  
> lame.exe), the following file is generated which sounds fine to me: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jfe1205/31301.mp3
>
> regards
>
> John
>
> Simon Twigger, AA9PW wrote:
>> Hi there,
>> I have a web application that creates morse code on the fly,  
>> writing  out .au sound files. You can give it a try here:
>> http://aa9pw.com/morsecode/
>> This works really nicely but the files can be pretty big so I  
>> thought  it would be nice to move to mp3 to save some space and  
>> make the files  more useable with iPods, etc. I use sox to convert  
>> the .au to .wav and  then have been trying to convert the .wav to  
>> mp3 using lame.
>> Technically all is working, however, the quality of the mp3 audio  
>> varies from not very good to really bad, depending on what  
>> parameters  I pass into Lame. I was hoping to get some advice from  
>> experts on the  list about how to make this work more effectively.
>> There's a post on my site plus a bunch of comments that describe  
>> some  of what I've done, plus a screenshot of the audio file  
>> waveforms (from  garageband) so you can see what lame is doing to  
>> the audio.
>> Here's the post: http://aa9pw.com/2008/05/21/morse-code-file-format-changed/
>> Here's the screenshot: http://www.flickr.com/photos/22815638@N03/2514725050/
>> I've tried the following command line options with lame in a trial  
>> and  error way as I don't claim to truly understand what's going on  
>> in the  conversion process. I tried variable and constant bit  
>> rates, tried the  highest quality settings and then tried the last  
>> option based on a  post I found online (though this seems more  
>> appropriate for more  complex audio than morse code)
>> -V0
>> -V5
>> -h
>> -f
>> -q0
>> -V2 –vbr-new -q0 –lowpass 19.7
>> I've put a sample .wav file here in case anyone wants to hear what  
>> it  should sound like:
>> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301.wav
>> Here's the best mp3 I could make so far:
>> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_q0.mp3
>> The morse code has very sharp changes in the sound - its either on  
>> at  100% or off at 0% and the switch between on and off is  
>> essentially  instantaneous in the files Im currently creating -  
>> there is no gradual  change in audio level over time.
>> Can anyone suggest some settings for lame that might do a better  
>> job  on these types of audio? As an added complication, the audio  
>> files  listed above have morse code at around 10 words per minute,  
>> a medium  speed. However, people want to listen to morse at  
>> anything from 5wpm  up to 30+ words per minute. For the slow  
>> speeds, the dits and dahs are  quite long, for the faster speeds  
>> the lengths of the dits and dahs get  very short - I dont know if  
>> this would change the settings I use in  Lame as the speed of the  
>> morse code varies.
>> Thanks in advance for any suggestions!
>> Best,
>> Simon.
>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> This SF.net email is sponsored by: Microsoft
>> Defy all challenges. Microsoft(R) Visual Studio 2008.
>> http://clk.atdmt.com/MRT/go/vse0120000070mrt/direct/01/
>> _______________________________________________
>> Lame-dev mailing list
>> [hidden email]
>> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/lame-dev
>> __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus  
>> signature database 3127 (20080523) __________
>> The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus.
>> http://www.eset.com


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Simon Twigger, AA9PW

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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In reply to this post by Robert Hegemann
Hi Robert,

Thanks for the suggestion - I tried resampling and V6 as suggested and  
the result wasn't pretty in my hands.

Using: LAME 32bits version 3.98 (beta 8, May 21 2008) (http://www.mp3dev.org/ 
)

/usr/bin/lame --resample 22.05 -V6 31301.wav 31301_resample_v6.mp3

Sound file: http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_resample_v6.mp3

I'm assuming when you tried it you got something that sounded a lot  
better?

Clearly something strange is happening at my end if this is the case.

Simon.


On May 23, 2008, at 3:19 PM, robert wrote:

> Hello Simon,
>
> you did not mention it, but it seems you are using LAME 3.98 beta8(?).
>
> The morse code sample you provided has an 8 kHz samplerate.
> LAME will choose to encode to MPEG-2.5 Layer3 in this case.
>
> Does your MP3 decoder support MPEG-2.5?
>
> In case your decoder does not support it well, try to resample
> at some other samplerate, lame --longhelp will tell you about
> available samplerates.
>
> I would suggest to use LAME 3.98b8 at the following setting:
>
> lame --resample 22.05 -V6 31301.wav 31301.mp3
>
> You may try some lower quality setting like -V7 downto -V9 too.
>
>
> Ciao Robert


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John Edwards-5

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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In reply to this post by Simon Twigger, AA9PW
Hi Simon,

Although I don't know what to suggest, I think you have some kind of
issue at your end. I've tried using lame.exe with -V 9 and also lame.exe
--resample 22.5 -V 9 and in both cases I end up with output that sounds
near identical to the original mp3 that I posted.

As mentioned, I see no problem here, but clearly (or perhaps, not so
clearly!!) the output at your end differs significantly.

I can't offer anything else at the moment!

regards

John

Simon Twigger, AA9PW wrote:

> Hi John,
>
> Thanks for the suggestion and yes, your file sounds pretty good. I gave
> it a go at -V9 as suggested and the quality of my mp3 file is nowhere
> near the same as yours.
>
> Here's what I get:
>
> Using: LAME 32bits version 3.98 (beta 8, May 21 2008)
> (http://www.mp3dev.org/)
>
> /usr/bin/lame -V 9 31301.wav 31301_V9.mp3
>
> Sound file:
> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_V9.mp3
>
>
>
> On May 23, 2008, at 3:05 PM, John Edwards wrote:
>> Hi Simon,
>>
>> Using lamedropXPd from Rarewares (version is somewhat irrelevant),
>> encoding at the lowest vbr setting (equates to '-V 9' using lame.exe),
>> the following file is generated which sounds fine to me:
>> http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jfe1205/31301.mp3
>>
>> regards
>>
>> John
>>
>> Simon Twigger, AA9PW wrote:
>>> Hi there,
>>> I have a web application that creates morse code on the fly, writing  
>>> out .au sound files. You can give it a try here:
>>> http://aa9pw.com/morsecode/
>>> This works really nicely but the files can be pretty big so I
>>> thought  it would be nice to move to mp3 to save some space and make
>>> the files  more useable with iPods, etc. I use sox to convert the .au
>>> to .wav and  then have been trying to convert the .wav to mp3 using
>>> lame.
>>> Technically all is working, however, the quality of the mp3 audio  
>>> varies from not very good to really bad, depending on what
>>> parameters  I pass into Lame. I was hoping to get some advice from
>>> experts on the  list about how to make this work more effectively.
>>> There's a post on my site plus a bunch of comments that describe
>>> some  of what I've done, plus a screenshot of the audio file
>>> waveforms (from  garageband) so you can see what lame is doing to the
>>> audio.
>>> Here's the post:
>>> http://aa9pw.com/2008/05/21/morse-code-file-format-changed/
>>> Here's the screenshot:
>>> http://www.flickr.com/photos/22815638@N03/2514725050/
>>> I've tried the following command line options with lame in a trial
>>> and  error way as I don't claim to truly understand what's going on
>>> in the  conversion process. I tried variable and constant bit rates,
>>> tried the  highest quality settings and then tried the last option
>>> based on a  post I found online (though this seems more appropriate
>>> for more  complex audio than morse code)
>>> -V0
>>> -V5
>>> -h
>>> -f
>>> -q0
>>> -V2 –vbr-new -q0 –lowpass 19.7
>>> I've put a sample .wav file here in case anyone wants to hear what
>>> it  should sound like:
>>> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301.wav
>>> Here's the best mp3 I could make so far:
>>> http://aa9pw.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/31301_q0.mp3
>>> The morse code has very sharp changes in the sound - its either on
>>> at  100% or off at 0% and the switch between on and off is
>>> essentially  instantaneous in the files Im currently creating - there
>>> is no gradual  change in audio level over time.
>>> Can anyone suggest some settings for lame that might do a better job  
>>> on these types of audio? As an added complication, the audio files  
>>> listed above have morse code at around 10 words per minute, a medium  
>>> speed. However, people want to listen to morse at anything from 5wpm  
>>> up to 30+ words per minute. For the slow speeds, the dits and dahs
>>> are  quite long, for the faster speeds the lengths of the dits and
>>> dahs get  very short - I dont know if this would change the settings
>>> I use in  Lame as the speed of the morse code varies.
>>> Thanks in advance for any suggestions!
>>> Best,
>>> Simon.
>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> This SF.net email is sponsored by: Microsoft
>>> Defy all challenges. Microsoft(R) Visual Studio 2008.
>>> http://clk.atdmt.com/MRT/go/vse0120000070mrt/direct/01/
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Lame-dev mailing list
>>> [hidden email]
>>> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/lame-dev
>>> __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus
>>> signature database 3127 (20080523) __________
>>> The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus.
>>> http://www.eset.com
>
>
> __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus
> signature database 3127 (20080523) __________
>
> The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus.
>
> http://www.eset.com
>
>
>

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Rogério Brito-2

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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In reply to this post by John Edwards-5
On May 23 2008, John Edwards wrote:
> Using lamedropXPd from Rarewares (version is somewhat irrelevant),
> encoding at the lowest vbr setting (equates to '-V 9' using lame.exe),
> the following file is generated which sounds fine to me:
> http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jfe1205/31301.mp3

Humm, I tried it and it sounds just awful here with MPlayer (Debian
testing/unstable with packages quite fresh and, in particular, MPlayer
taken from subversion (Christian Marillat's repository).

It reports the following for your file (I stopped it because it was
terribly sounding):



Playing 31301.mp3.
Audio file file format detected.
==========================================================================
Opening audio decoder: [mp3lib] MPEG layer-2, layer-3
AUDIO: 8000 Hz, 2 ch, s16le, 32.0 kbit/12.50% (ratio: 4000->32000)
Selected audio codec: [mp3] afm: mp3lib (mp3lib MPEG layer-2, layer-3)
==========================================================================
AO: [alsa] 48000Hz 2ch s16le (2 bytes per sample)
Video: no video
Starting playback...
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 48 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 25 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 119 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 2 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 47 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 34 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 33 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 34 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 9 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 46 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 77 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 23 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 41 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 9 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 46 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 68 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 25 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 41 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 8 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 8 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 52 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 3 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 81 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 50 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 82 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 60 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 62 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 23 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 8 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 52 bits!
mpg123: Can't rewind stream by 11 bits!
A:  26.8 (26.7) of 17.0 (17.0)  0.8%
Exiting... (Quit)


Regards, Rogério.

--
Rogério Brito : rbrito@{mackenzie,ime.usp}.br : GPG key 1024D/7C2CAEB8
http://www.ime.usp.br/~rbrito : http://meusite.mackenzie.com.br/rbrito
Projects: algorithms.berlios.de : lame.sf.net : vrms.alioth.debian.org

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Rogério Brito-2

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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In reply to this post by John Edwards-5
On May 23 2008, John Edwards wrote:
> As mentioned, I see no problem here, but clearly (or perhaps, not so
> clearly!!) the output at your end differs significantly.

I used another decoder on Linux (moc; Music on Console Player) and your
file, John, that I tested before sounded *very* nicely now, with a real
morse code sounding to it and without the skips.

I don't know exactly what it uses internally, but madplay works a treat
here (with similar sounding to not so good ears):

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
rbrito@chagas:~$ madplay -v 31301.mp3
MPEG Audio Decoder 0.15.2 (beta) - Copyright (C) 2000-2004 Robert Leslie et al.
          Title: 31301
         Artist: John
          Album: Desktop
 00:00:43 Layer III, VBR (avg 13 kbps), 8000 Hz, single channel, no CRC
604 frames decoded (0:00:43.4), +0.7 dB peak amplitude, 5486 clipped samples
rbrito@chagas:~$
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

> I can't offer anything else at the moment!

It seems like the decoder can make huge differences here!


Regards, Rogério.

--
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http://www.ime.usp.br/~rbrito : http://meusite.mackenzie.com.br/rbrito
Projects: algorithms.berlios.de : lame.sf.net : vrms.alioth.debian.org

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Robert Hegemann

Re: Converting morse code to mp3 with lame?

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Am Sonntag, 25. Mai 2008 17:26 schrieb Rogério Brito:

> On May 23 2008, John Edwards wrote:
> > As mentioned, I see no problem here, but clearly (or perhaps, not so
> > clearly!!) the output at your end differs significantly.
>
> I used another decoder on Linux (moc; Music on Console Player) and your
> file, John, that I tested before sounded *very* nicely now, with a real
> morse code sounding to it and without the skips.
>
> I don't know exactly what it uses internally, but madplay works a treat
> here (with similar sounding to not so good ears):
>
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> rbrito@chagas:~$ madplay -v 31301.mp3
> MPEG Audio Decoder 0.15.2 (beta) - Copyright (C) 2000-2004 Robert Leslie et
> al. Title: 31301
>          Artist: John
>           Album: Desktop
>  00:00:43 Layer III, VBR (avg 13 kbps), 8000 Hz, single channel, no CRC
> 604 frames decoded (0:00:43.4), +0.7 dB peak amplitude, 5486 clipped
> samples rbrito@chagas:~$
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
>
> > I can't offer anything else at the moment!
>
> It seems like the decoder can make huge differences here!

MPEG-2.5 is an extension made by FhG and not part of the original ISO doc.

Simon's problem isn't the decoder, it's that his LAME version does produce
distorted MPEG-2.5 files (and maybe distorted files at any settings?).

We need more info from him:
- what does his system look like (CPU, OS, compiler; versions, optimizations
used)
- how did he build LAME (Makefile.unix, configure; settings used)

> Regards, Rogério.


Ciao Robert


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