Text adventures are text-based games. There are no graphics. You see words on the screen and you type stuff to do. You don't use the mouse at all, either.
Typically, in a text adventure, you see a description of the room you're in and a list of whatever is in the room. You can type in stuff for your character to do. For instance, typing n or north will make your character attempt to go north (you can also type 'go north'). Typically, you have to figure stuff out to progress in the game.
Does that make sense? Anyway, here's a list of some typical commands:
get
take
give
put
look
kill
eat
drink
push
turn
open
close
unlock
lock
inventory (or i or inv: this lists your belongings)
save
load
quit
move
examine
search
Examples of usage:
• look under bed
• push chair to fireplace
• eat bread
• drink flask (drinks the contents of the flask)
• kill monster (traditional games require you to specify a weapon while such as MUDs use whatever you are equipping)
• unlock box with brown key
Typical directions include the following: n, s, e, w, u, d, ne, se, sw, nw, although in mine I've added more for the sake of accurate documentation of real places, and objects can also be directions—for instance, a closet may be an object you can enter.
Text adventures can look simple at first glance, and although some of them
are pretty simple, others can be quite complex.
If you're still confused, you can look at
this Youtube video of someone playing Zork I.